What is Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA)?

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) is specifically a surgical procedure designed to replace the damaged or arthritic shoulder joint with a prosthetic device. This procedure aims to restore function and alleviate pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or severe shoulder injuries. During TSA, the surgeon removes the head of the humerus (the ball part of the shoulder joint) and replaces it with a metal ball attached to a stem that fits into the humeral canal. Additionally, the damaged glenoid (the socket) is typically lined with a plastic component. This comprehensive replacement of the joint is necessary when conservative treatments such as physical therapy or medication fail to provide relief.

The other options describe different medical procedures or conditions that do not accurately capture the essence of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. For instance, repairing a ligament involves different surgical techniques and is not focused on joint replacement; alleviating muscle pain pertains more to physical therapy or other conservative treatments, and joint injections are usually outpatient procedures aimed at providing temporary relief rather than a permanent solution like TSA.